Anaemia is the most common systemic complication and extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. 1–3 In the majority of cases, IBD-associated anaemia is a unique example of the combination of chronic iron deficiency and anaemia of chronic disease [ACD]. 4, 5 Other more rare causes of anaemia in IBD include vitamin B12 and folate deficiency, toxic effects of medications, and others. The impact of anaemia on the quality of life of IBD patients is substantial. It affects various aspects of quality of life such as physical, emotional, and cognitive functions, the ability to work, hospitalization, and healthcare costs. 6 Anaemia in IBD is not just a laboratory marker; it is a complication of IBD that needs appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. 3 Despite the broad use of anti-inflammatory therapy, anaemia may recur fast after successful therapy. As anaemia is a serious medical condition that may become life threatening [if blood transfusions are not available or compatible], preventive measures should be considered. Prevention of anaemia and maintenance of iron and vitamin stores are therefore warranted.

The goal of this consensus initiated by the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation [ECCO] was to establish European consensus guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia [IDA], but also for non-iron deficiency anaemia and associated conditions. The consensus is based in parts on a previous evidence-based consensus publication on the diagnosis and management of iron deficiency and anaemia in inflammatory bowel diseases. 7 The strategy to reach the consensus involved several steps and follows the standard operating procedures for consensus guidelines of ECCO. An open call for chairs and participants for this consensus was made [see acknowledgements and www. ecco-ibd]. Participants