Abstract
Because of the relatively high prevalence of both hepatitis B infection and various forms of autoimmune inflammatory diseases treated with aggressive immunotherapy, reactivation of hepatitis B occurs in a substantial number of patients. The risk of reactivation depends on the degree and duration of immunosuppression. A large number of drug treatments have resulted in reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection and, based on the mechanisms and extent of immunosuppression, recommendations for some of the newer classes of immunosuppressive drugs are provided.
Keywords:
Anti-CD20; Direct-acting antivirals; Hepatitis B; Inflammatory bowel diseases; Reactivation; Rheumatoid arthritis.
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
MeSH terms
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Antiviral Agents / therapeutic use
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Arthritis, Rheumatoid / diagnosis
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Arthritis, Rheumatoid / epidemiology
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Arthritis, Rheumatoid / immunology*
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Biological Products / therapeutic use*
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Female
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Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / drug effects
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Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / immunology
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Hepatitis B virus / physiology*
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Humans
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Immunocompromised Host*
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Immunosuppressive Agents / therapeutic use
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Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / diagnosis
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Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / drug therapy
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Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / epidemiology
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Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / immunology*
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Male
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Mass Screening
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Prevalence
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Prognosis
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Risk Assessment
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Survival Analysis
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Virus Activation / drug effects
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Virus Activation / immunology*
Substances
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Antiviral Agents
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Biological Products
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Hepatitis B Surface Antigens
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Immunosuppressive Agents